Jupyter Notebook Learning
本章是对jupyter的简要介绍以及必要备注
jupyter预加载库配置¶
创建~/.ipython/profile_default/ipython_config.py文件. 加载库
import matplotlib as mpl
c = get_config()
# 多个输出打印
# c.InteractiveShell.ast_node_interactivity = "all"
# 默认引入的库
c.InteractiveShellApp.exec_lines = [
"import pandas as pd", # 载入pandas
"import numpy as np", # 载入numpy
"import matplotlib.pyplot as plt", # 载入绘图库
"import seaborn as sns", # 图表更美观
"%%load_ext autoreload", # 自动加载库
"%%autoreload 2",
]
# 默认绘图库直接显示
c.IPKernelApp.matplotlib = 'inline'
# 设置绘图库的字体。支持中文
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
# 显示负号
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
# matplotlib在Retina屏幕中显示模糊问题
c.InlineBackend.figure_format = 'retina'
配置matplotlib正确显示中文字体¶
- 下载ttf字体文件到 /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf 下
- 删除cache. rm -rf ~/.matplotlib/*.cache
- 如果出现 RuntimeError: Python is not installed as a framework. 错误。可以执行一下命令.
echo "backend: TkAgg" >> ~/.matplotlib/matplotlibrc
jupyter插件配置¶
- 下载插件管理器. jupyter notebook extensions
https://github.com/ipython-contrib/jupyter_contrib_nbextensions - 下载 jupyter dashboard. 用于将输出组成合适的文档交付
https://github.com/jupyter/dashboards - TableContent 显示markdown目录
matplotlib 绘图库¶
matplotlib 提供了几乎所有python内静态绘图框架的底层命令。相对较快，但是生成图表的命令较多，比较繁琐
In [1]:
x = np.arange(20)
y = x ** 2
plt.title(u"中文")
plt.plot(x, y); # 加上分号抑制最后一行的输出，直接绘图
ploty 绘图库¶
plotly是跨平台JavaScript交互式绘图包，由于开发者的核心是javascript，所以整个语法类似于写json配置，语法特质也介于「陈述式」和「命令式」之间，无服务版本是免费的。
优点是学习成本不高，可以很快将语句移植到javascript版本；缺点是语言相对繁琐。
初次使用时需要注册用户, 后续可以使用离线模式
注册用户¶
import plotly
#设置用户名和API-Key
plotly.tools.set_credentials_file(username='DemoAccount', api_key='lr1c37zw81')
# 或者编辑文件 ~/.plotly/.credentials 。填写user_name 和api_key
# {
# "username": "",
# "api_key": "",
# "proxy_username": "",
# "proxy_password": "",
# "stream_ids": []
# }
离线使用¶
在线的时候将会画的图将会存入云账户中
import plotly
from plotly.graph_objs import Scatter, Layout
plotly.offline.init_notebook_mode(connected=True)
In [32]:
import plotly
import plotly.graph_objs as go
import plotly.plotly as py
plotly.offline.init_notebook_mode()
trace = go.Box(
x=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
)
data = [trace]
plotly.offline.iplot(data)
ploty dashboard 发布¶
将代码组织成图表之后发布成dashboard, 需要依赖在线
In [31]:
import re
import plotly.dashboard_objs as dashboard
import IPython.display
from IPython.display import Image
def fileId_from_url(url):
"""Return fileId from a url."""
raw_fileId = re.findall("~[A-z]+/[0-9]+", url)[0][1: ]
return raw_fileId.replace('/', ':')
fileId_1 = fileId_from_url("https://plot.ly/~timking/0")
box_a = {
'type': 'box',
'boxType': 'plot',
'fileId': fileId_1,
'title': 'scatter-for-dashboard'
}
text_for_box = """ 测试测试 """
box_b = {
'type': 'box',
'boxType': 'text',
'text': text_for_box,
'title': 'Markdown Options for Text Box'
}
my_dboard = dashboard.Dashboard()
my_dboard.insert(box_a) # 将图box 插入到 dashboard中
my_dboard.insert(box_b, 'left', 1, fill_percent=30) # 文字box
my_dboard["settings"]["title"] = "测试dashboard"
#my_dboard.get_preview() # 预览
py.dashboard_ops.upload(my_dboard, 'My First Dashboard with Python') # 上传到plotly
Out[31]:
In [1]:
widgets.interact(lambda x: x**2, x=widgets.IntSlider(
min=10,
max=50,
step=1,
value=10,
description="Number"
));
boolean¶
In [2]:
widgets.interact(lambda x: x, x=True);
text¶
In [3]:
widgets.interact(lambda x: x.upper(), x='');
In [4]:
def handle_submit(sender):
print(sender.value)
# 绑定方法
text = widgets.Text()
from IPython.display import display
display(text)
text.on_submit(handle_submit)
select¶
In [5]:
widgets.interact(lambda x: x, x=list("abcd"));
In [6]:
widgets.interact(lambda x: x, x={"one": 1, "ten": 10});
buttons¶
In [7]:
def on_button_clicked(btn):
print(btn.description)
button = widgets.Button(description="Click Me!")
button.on_click(on_button_clicked)
display(button)
将控件和图组合¶
In [8]:
def plot(amplitude, color):
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(4, 3))
ax.grid(color='w', linewidth=2, linestyle='solid')
x = np.linspace(0, 10, 1000)
ax.plot(x, amplitude * np.sin(x), color=color,
lw=5, alpha=0.4);
ax.set_xlim(0, 10)
ax.set_ylim(-1.1, 1.1)
widgets.interact(
plot,
amplitude=widgets.FloatSlider(
min=0.1,
max=1.0,
step=0.1,
value=0.1,
description="Number"
),
color=widgets.RadioButtons(options=['blue', 'green', 'red'])
);
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